YOUNG of Gedaliah
Appearance History
The day after Rosh Hashanah, on 3 Tishrei, the Jewish community remembers the assassination of Gedaliah fasting.
Gedaliah son of Ahikam was the Judean governor, placed by Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon had destroyed the first Temple - Gedalia 586.Le role was to maintain Jewish life in the desolate, but in which he still had several thousand Judéens.Mais a zealot fanatic - a man named Ishmael Netania Ben - who rejected any compromise with the enemy Gedalia assassination. The wrath of the king of Babylon came quickly, and the few thousand Jews who could be the starting point of a new Jewish Yishuv, were in turn massacred or exiled.
Rabbis, before such a disaster, settled on 3 Tishrei as a day of national fast. General meaning
Fasting Gedaliah is linked to the trauma of the destruction (hourban) of the two Temples in Jerusalem. The shock was terrible, not only because of the many victims (Flavius Josephus estimated that nearly one million, the number of Judeans massacred by the legions of Titus) but because this disaster, and exile that arose in this, sapped all the vision of biblical messianism that had been received from Abraham. Indeed, the spiritual message of Israel must necessarily emanate from the people who received the Torah from the land of promise.
Exile of 70 forced the Jews to reconstitute themselves as an ardent faith landless. The conquest of the Book replaced the conquest of space, and the Jew became "Builder of the time. "However, by focusing its synagogues to his ancestral country, fasting on 3 Tishrei, 10 Tevet, 17th Tammuz and the 9th of Av and the three other times, Israel argued in the drama of its diaspora, religious and national unity. One can understand why, paradoxically, the 9th of Av is called Moed, feast day, "rendezvous" ... with its own identity.
YOUNG OF 10 TEVET
The siege of Jerusalem
The tenth day of Tevet of the year 3336 from Creation (-425 of the common era), the armies of the 'Babylonian emperor Nebuchadnezzar established the siege of Jerusalem. Thirty months later, on 17 Tammuz 3338, a breach was opened in the walls of the city and the 9th of Av this year, the Holy Temple was destroyed. Following this, the Jewish people was exiled to Babylonia for 70 years.
On 10 Tevet is a day of fasting, mourning and repentance, in remembrance of the siege of Jerusalem. We refrain from eating and drinking from dawn until dusk, and add the Séli'hot and other passages in our prayers.
In many communities, this fast is also associated with the memory of Holocaust victims and Kaddish is recited for the credit of all those we know the exact date of disappearance.
Alter Rebbe of Liadi explains that one day of fasting is also a day of divine benevolence. As the obligation to fast on 10 Tevet is in some ways more strict than other fasts, one can understand the divine benevolence is stronger that day. So teshuvah, a return to God, that must lead the fast, will also be a higher level
YOUNG OF ESTHER
At the time of Ahasuerus
"Go, brings together all the Jews and fast without food or drink for three days, neither night nor day. " Esther 4:16
At the time of Mordechai and Esther, the Jews were gathered on 13 Adar to confront their enemies. They needed a lot of Divine Mercy so that their enemies do not affect them. Jews have prayed and fasted that day, like Moshe Rabbeinu who had stood in prayer and fasting the day Israel had faced 'Amalek, until Hashem gives victory to Israel.
Again, Hashem D. our ancestors listened to their entreaties and accepted their repentance and fasting, and the day fixed by our enemies to destroy Israel was reversed, and the Jews are their enemies who fought that day.
On 13 Adar, the Jews killed 75,000 non-Jews who wanted to undermine their lives without counting those who were killed in the city of Chouchann (Susa), capital of the Persian Empire, and no Jew died in battle, "because it is not through the army, nor by force, but Only through my mind, thus saith Hashem D. armies ... "
That is why we have a tradition in all communities of Israel to fast that day every year in remembrance of the miracle which they benefited, and this fast is called" Fast of Esther .
YOUNG Tamuz
The fast of 17 Tammuz
Tammuz is the fourth month of the Jewish year. The name of Tammuz is a pagan goddess. He is mentioned as such in the book of Ezekiel (8, 14).
Beginning of the period of penance that commemorates the destruction of Jerusalem.
On 17 Tammuz is one of four fasts mentioned in the Book of Prophets.
According to Jewish tradition, 5 major disasters occurred that day:
Moses breaks the Tablets of the Law down from Mount Sinai after the sin of the golden calf.
was stopped offering the daily sacrifices in the first Temple during the siege of Jerusalem, the Kohanim (priests) could no longer obtain animals.
A breach is made in the walls of Jerusalem before the destruction of the Temple in the year 70 CE.
Before the great revolt, the Roman general Apostamos burned a Torah scroll setting a horrible precedent for the burning of Jewish books throughout the centuries.
A statue is brought into the sanctuary, and blasphemous act of desecration par excellence.
The 21 days between the fast of Tammuz and the 9th of Av is called by the Jewish tradition: "days between the narrow defiles, "according to verse 1, 3 of the Book of Lamentations:" Her persecutors have all reached in the narrow defiles. "These three weeks are a period of mourning in remembrance of the destruction of both temples in Jerusalem.
TISHA BE AV
From destruction to hope
Tisha B'Av, literally the ninth day of Av, is the day of national mourning of the Jewish People.
According to tradition, on that date, the First and Second Temple were destroyed. The first destruction of the Temple took place -586 in the year, when Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, took Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple which was built 300 years before by King Solomon. This fact marked the loss of Jewish sovereignty and the beginning of the first exile, who is known as "Babylonian Exile".
It was during this exile, which lasted 50 years, the Jews began to commemorate Tisha B'Av as a day of mourning.
Second Temple's destruction occurred 600 years later, in the year 70 AD when the Roman Emperor Tito (I's) conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the Temple that was rebuilt by the exiles in Babylon after his return to Zion. This second Destruction is the one that caused the exile and the Diaspora in which we are still part.
In the Talmud, our sages note other events that occurred on that date. They say it was precisely during Tisha B'Av when, in the desert, our ancestors rejected the possibility of entering the Promised Land. The fear of villages powerful then living on earth made them want to return to Egypt. God did not tolerate this lack of faith from the Hebrew and condemned to wander in the desert for 40 years.
The Midrash says that this time God told the Hebrews:
"You wept without tears question, I will make this day a day of tears for generations to come "
According to the Talmud, when Tisha B'Av, the fortress of Betar fell also, the last stronghold of the rebellion of Bar Kojba against the Romans in the In the year 135. Thus the last trace of Jewish sovereignty in Israel went out for almost two thousand years.
All these events are related to the exile of the people of his land and with the need to return to territorial sovereignty.
In addition, there was for Jewish history and universal other tragic situations which also occurred on the day of Tisha Be Av Maybe Most notable was that the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, the outbreak of the First World War, the first deportations to the extermination camps and to the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima ...
Another Midrash says that when the Temple was burned down during Tisha B'Av, the High Priest of the time, threw the keys to heaven from the Temple. Then a hand came down from heaven and took the keys.
The Talmud says that every generation, the same hand comes down and offers men the keys of the Temple. Perhaps it is the duty of everyone to take these keys and accept the challenge of Reconstruction
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