10 Tishrei
JONAS
FORGIVENESS
Kol Nidre
GOLDEN CALF
EXODUS
By Maurycy Gotlieb
"And the Lord spoke to Moses in these terms: However, the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement, call for holiness and you shall afflict your souls, and you approach sacrifices in the name of the Lord. And you shall do no work that day because it is the day of atonement for make atonement for you before the LORD your God. But anyone who does not humbled by this day will be cut off from his people. And any person who shall carry a job that day, and I'll remove this person from among his people. You shall do no work, this is the perpetual decree for your generations in all your dwellings. This will be your absolute cessation of work, and you shall afflict your people since the ninth month in the evening, one night to another, you shall cease all work. " vayikra Leviticus XXIII, 26 to 32
Most of our brethren falsely believe that simply spending the day at the synagogue to pray with passion to be forgiven by D. all of our sins. But the truth is that the only sins are forgiven Kippur has the offenses committed against D. Offenses committed cons others should they, be corrected individually. That is why our sages encourage us starts the process of repentance before Yom Kippur and try to rectify the wrongs that we've all committed to other people. Also feel free to contact the company of those to whom you have fishing throughout the year and ask them to forgive you SINCERELY. Show that you really regret what you did and you do not referrer. And besides all that the victim is approached too long can not refuse a pardon application (if the first application failed, two other requests must be made).
Five prohibitions are respected during Yom Kippur:
- it is prohibited eating and drinking
- it is forbidden to wash
- it is forbidden to anoint (to rub) the body
- it is forbidden to wear leather shoes
- it is illegal to have intimate relationships
At the time of the Temple on Yom Kippur was preceded and followed by ceremonies marking the importance of the High Priest.
Leading the group were members of the royal family followed the descendants of the house of David. A herald preceded them and exhorted the crowd to cheer the king.
36,000 Levites followed, also preceded by a herald who proclaimed: "Respect and veneration for the tribe Levi! . The heads of the Levites were attired in blue silk and priests in robes of white silk.
Then came the singers, players of harps, trumpets, all the artisans and artists employed in the work of the Temple, followed by 70 members comprising the Senate and 100 ushers
.. Only then paraded the high priest accompanied by two by two the oldest among the priests, while school leaders formed the hedge various crossroads and hosted by cheers and wishes.
"In His infinite goodness to his creatures, the Lord has appointed a day this year to clear the faults of those who repent. Because if you added up all the sins committed in two or three years, the cut would be full, and the world would be destroyed. Therefore, the Holy One, blessed be He, in His wisdom decided in order to maintain the world to fix a day in the year for the expiation of sins of those who repent. And today, in principle, was established from the beginning of the world, then he was sanctified as a day of atonement, and that is what our sages have said: "The day of Yom Kippur is atonement" is to say that the day itself deletes small mistakes. "Sefer Hahinoukh
For the prophet Isaiah (LVIII) Yom Kippur is only meaningful if everyone understands that he lives for 25 hours the condition of the needy, then get involved to help the poor.
MAP
History scapegoat
By Philippe Haddad
The Gaon of Vilna (eighteenth century) has proposed a bold and surprising reading linking two holidays that seem diametrically opposed: Yom Kippur and Purim. As is often the rabbis, the master of Vilna uses a play on words: Yom Hakipourim (day of atonement) must be decomposed into Yom Ke-Purim (Purim day).
What report? Yom Kippur is marked by fasting, 5 prohibitions, 5 prayers, asking for forgiveness and so on. Purim is the joy, the carnival, the banquet.
Probably the track is bad. We must seek the solution elsewhere in the common elements in these two feasts. This common element is in the draw spells: goraloth Purim in Hebrew and in Persian.
Indeed, the Kohen Gadol Kippur, the High Priest, was during the ceremony to proceed with a drawing spells: "Aaron will draw lots upon the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for Azazel ( name of a desert near Jerusalem). Aaron shall bring the goat on which the lot fell for Jehovah, and offer it as a sacrifice of atonement. And the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the LORD, that he used to make atonement and be sent into the wilderness to Azazel. "(Vayikra / Leviticus 16, 8 to 10).
What he said about Haman? "In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, they drew the pros, that is to say the lot, before Haman, for each day and each month until the twelfth months, which is the month of Adar. "(Esther III, 7).
In his work, the anthropologist René Girard (These things hidden since the foundation of the world, the scapegoat, etc..) Highlights one of the major features of human society: violence. The violence of war that is finished when the war will find other ways of expression, such as during a football match. But also in economics: the yuppie recalled silly string lacks does not include the effects of the warriors of yesterday, a laptop and an officer in place of the sword and shield? Should it not "win" market share? The economy, the continuation of war by other means? Wars exist between companies, are reviewing the beautiful movie "the firm" Sidney Polak. Raphael Drai warns us, the economy, yes, but "the economy Shabbat."
This violence may subside to find another stopgap: a scapegoat, that is to say something, an object, an animal, a man who founded the violence, sometimes symbolically, sometimes by actually a sacrifice.
Here Kippur and Purim join and they highlight the differences. Judaism, from its origins has worked through this issue of sacrifice, human sacrifice, that is to say its "neighbor as yourself." The transition, sublimation, transfer will be played at Mount Moriah, between Abraham and Isaac, between father and son (Genesis / Bereshith XXII). This passage we celebrate Rosh Hashanah, ringing in the shoffar, the ram's horn, the animal substitutes. By this movement, Israel is a story ahead of other peoples, a civilization of morality before humanism.
Haman he remained the primary, his scapegoat must be a people. His argument is twofold: the Jews are everywhere, Jews are among them. This is the anti-Semitic discourse built for generations. Sacrificing Israel, and its ethical message, because Haman is proud. There is no other causes of anti-Semitism: the pride, spirit hegemonic, a disproportionate me. The rest is commentary!
For Judaism, the scapegoat may be a goat. The day the lesson will become universal, the world will celebrate his bar mitzvah.
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